การออกเสียง will, would, has, have เมื่ออยู่ในรูปย่อ (English Contractions)

will ในรูปย่อ

• I will ==> I’ll
• He will ==> He’ll
• She will ==> She’ll
• It will ==> It’ll
• You will ==> You’ll
• We will ==> We’ll
• They will ==> They’ll

should ในรูปย่อ

• • I should ==> I’d
  • I should not ==> I’ve not / I shouldn’t
  • He should ==> he’d
  • He should not ==> He’d not / He shouldn’t
  • She should ==> She’d
  • She should ==> She’d not / She shouldn’t
  • It should ==> It’d
  • It should ==> It’d not / It shouldn’t

• You should ==> You’d
• You should not ==> You’d not / I shouldn’t
• We should ==> We’d
• We should not ==> We’d not / We shouldn’t
• They should ==> they’d
• They should not ==> they’d not / They shouldn’t

has, have ในรูปย่อ

• I have = I’ve เช่น I have a dog. (ประโยคนี้ไม่ควรพูดอยู่ในรูปย่อเป็น I’ve a dog.)
• I have not = I’ve not / I haven’t
• He has = He’s เช่น He’s gone to the shops.
• He has not = He’s not/ He hasn’t
• She has = she’s เช่น She’s finished the project.
• She has not = She’s not/ She hasn’t
• It has = It’s เช่น My dog has four legs.
• It has not = It’s not/ It hasn’t
• You have = You’ve
• You have not = You’ve not / You haven’t
• We have = We’ve
• We have not = We’ve not / We haven’t
• They have = They’ve
• They have not = They’ve not / They haven’t